twēo, m.n: doubt, uncertainty. (TWAY-oh / ˈtweːɔ)
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hæg-þorn, m.n: hawthorn. (HAIE-THORN / ˈhæj-ˌθɔrn)
Image: Tractatus de herbis; Italy, late 13th century; British Library, Egerton MS 747, f. 15r.
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samnian, wk.v: to collect, assemble, bring together, gather. (SAHM-ni-ahn / ˈsam-nɪ-an)
Image: Fables of Bidpai; S Italy, 10th or 11th century; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.397, f. 7r.
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30 Words that Changed their Meaning Between the Middle Ages and Modern Times https://www.medievalists.net/2024/12/words-changed-meaning-middle-ages/ #OldEnglish
Medievalists.net · 30 Words that Changed their Meaning Between the Middle Ages and Modern Times - Medievalists.netLanguage is constantly evolving, and many words we use today meant something completely different during the Middle Ages. In this article, we’ll uncover 30 words that changed their meaning between the Middle Ages and modern times, showing how the English language transformed alongside shifts in culture, beliefs, and daily life. Here are some surprising examples of just how much words can evolve over time.
ealde-mōder, f.n: grandmother. (EH-al-duh-MO-der / ˈɛal-də-ˌmoː-dɛr)
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ǣwisc-mōd, adj: ashamed, disgraced. (AE-wish-MOAD / ˈæː-wɪʃ-ˌmoːd)
Image: Psalter; England (Oxford), between 1212 and 1220; Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.43, f. 9r.
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wamb-hord, m.n: ‘womb-hoard’, used of the weapons contained in a fortified place. (WAHMB-HORD / ˈwamb-ˌhɔrd)
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ge-trēowfæstnian, wk.v: to be faithful, firm, strong. (yeh-TRAY-oh-VAST-ni-ahn / jɛ-ˈtreːɔ-ˌvæst-nɪ-an)
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mægden-cild, n.n: a female child. (MAEY-den-CHILLD / ˈmæj-dɛn-ˌtʃɪld)
Image: St Anne teaching the Virgin Mary to read, from a Book of Hours; France or England, c. 1430-40; J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. 5, f. 45v.
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fell, n.n: skin, hide. (FELL / ˈfɛl)
Image: Closeup of parchment from Leiden University Libraries, BPL 25 (9th century); photo by @erik_kwakkel.
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feorh-ner, n.n: life’s preservation of salvation, a refuge, sustenance, nourishment. (FEH-or’h-nehr / ˈfɛɔrx-nɛr)
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locc, m.n: hair, lock of hair. (LOCK / ˈlɔk)
Image: St Mary of Egypt in the Taymouth Hours; England, 1325-35; British Library, Yates Thompson MS 13, f. 188v.
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rōt, adj: glad, cheerful; noble, excellent. (ROAT / ˈroːt)
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stānincel, n.n: a little stone. (STAHN-IN-chell / ˈstaːn-ˌɪn-tʃɛl)
Image: Gospel Book; Germany (Hildesheim), 12th century (cover); Dom-Museum Hildesheim (DS 13).
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sundor-weorþmynt, f.n: a special honour, prerogative. (SUN-dor-WEH-orth-muent / ˈsʌn-dɔr-ˌwɛɔrθ-mynt)
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cyte, f.n: cot, cottage, bedchamber, cell. (KUE-tuh / ˈky-tə)
Image: Pontifical; England, c. 1400-1410; Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 079, f. 95v.
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oxa, m.n: ox. (AWK-sa / ˈɔk-sa)
Image: Luttrell Psalter; N England (Lincolnshire), 1325-1340; British Library, Add MS 42130, f. 50r.
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solor, m.n: upper chamber; sunny room, solarium. (SOLL-or / ˈsɔ-lɔr)
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hām-lēas, adj: homeless. (HAHM-lay-ahs / ˈhaːm-leːas)
Image: Rutland Psalter; England, c. 1260; British Library, Add MS 62925, f. 47r.
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a-swǣman, v: to wander about. (ah-SWAM-ahn / a-ˈswæː-man)
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